Financial Liberalization of Pakistan Essay example -- Economics Financ

In 1974 all banks of the country were nationalized, with the objective of providing the capital for top priority projects or investments, and to ensure the depositors capital safety. Although this step was taken for the socio-economic benefits, however, the required results could not be obtained. And under the public domains ownership and supervision the banking sector proved inefficient (Haque 1997), which leads the lower saving and investment, so as a result economic growth decreased (khan and khan 2007). Besides other problems, the lower range of financial products and unavailability of consumer and mortgage financing also include in nationalization system (Haque 1997, Limmi 2002). So, to prevent from financial crises and for efficient working of financial markets, a strong and effective supervisory system was necessary (Caprio and Klingebial 1997).So, subsequently a decade of nationalization the need for some change in the financial system was felt. It was fore step for new re forms, and at the end of eighties the reform program was initiated. However, the major reforms came in nineties. In 1990 seven domestic and seventeen foreign banks were working in Pakistan, these seven banks have public sector ownership with a broad network of branches, and more than 90 percent assets of banking sector (as shown in Table ). In that period there is not a single private bank, while seventeen foreign banks had only forty-five branches and less than 8 percent of total banking assets, their major concern was to deal global trade. (SBP)In 1990 there were three regulatory bodies i) State Bank of Pakistan the major tasks performed by SBP are conducting the monetary policy, issue directives to commercial banks regarding reserve requirement an... ...ing Companies regularisation (1997) were repealed through promulgation of Banking Companies (Recovery of Loans and Advances, Credit and Finance) Ordinance (1997). To increase the role of SBP as regulator government divides it into three organizations, i- SBP as central bank ii- SBP-banking services sess (SBP- BSC) iii- National Institute of Banking and Finance (NIBAF).Works CitedCaprio, G, and Daniela K, (1999), Episodes of systematic and borderline financial distress, Manuscript, The World Bank.SBP (2004) pecuniary Sector Assessment, Research Department, State Bank of Pakistan. KarachiHaque, Ul N. (1997) Financial Market Reforms in Pakistan, The Pakistan Development Review Part-II, pp 839-854.Limi, A. (2002), Efficiency in the Pakistani Banking Industry Empirical Evidence after the Structural Reforms in the Late 1990s Unpublished